Since 2021, aggregated from related topics
Solar energetic particles (SEPs) are high-energy particles emitted from the Sun during solar flares and coronal mass ejections. These particles can include electrons, protons, and heavier ions, and can reach speeds of up to millions of miles per hour. SEPs can pose a hazard to astronauts, spacecraft, and technology on Earth, as they can cause radiation damage and disrupt communications and power systems. Research in the area of solar energetic particles focuses on understanding the processes that accelerate and transport these particles, predicting when and where they will occur, and developing strategies to protect astronauts and equipment from their harmful effects. Scientists use satellite observations, ground-based measurements, and computer models to study SEPs and improve our ability to forecast and mitigate their impact.